Florence is typically considered to have a Mediterranean climate, although under the Köppen climate classification it may be borderline humid subtropical(Cfa). It has hot, humid summers with little rainfall and cool, damp winters. Surrounded by hills in a river valley, Florence can be hot and humid from June to August. As Florence lacks a prevailing wind, summer temperatures are higher than along the coast. Rainfall in summer is convectional, while relief rainfall dominates in the winter, with some snow. The highest officially recorded temperature was 42.6 °C (108.7°F)in 26 July 1983 and the lowest was −23.2 °C (−9.8 °F) on 12 January 1985.
Rome enjoys a Mediterranean climate(Csa),typical of the Mediterranean coasts of Italy. Spring and autumn are mild to warm, and the Romansottobrate("beautiful October days") are known as being sunny and warm. By August, the maximum diurnal temperature often exceeds 30 °C (86°F). Traditionally, many businesses were accustomed to closing during August, while Romans visited holiday resorts. In more recent years, however, in response to growing tourism and changing work habits, the city has been staying open for the whole summer. The average high temperature in January is about (55.2°F), but in hot periods it can be higher, while subzero lows are not uncommon. Snowfalls can occur in December, January and February. Within the last four decades they have been rare in Rome: the most recent snowfall with accumulation was in February 2010, the first since 1986 (in some peripheral areas since 1991); between 1986 and 2010 snow fell four times, without significant traces on the ground.
Generally – summer's season lasts about 6 months, from May to October. Two months (April and November) are transitional, sometimes there are temperature above 20 °C (68 °F). December, January, February and March are the coldest months, with average temperatures (of these four months) over 13.1 °C(55.6°F)near the city centre (13.9 °C(57.0°F) near sea) during the day and 3.7 °C(38.7°F)near the city center 4.7 °C(40.5°F) near sea) at night. The average relative humidity is 74.8%, varying from 72% in July to 77% in November and December.
The climate in Tuscany is generally very mild with differences depending on the geography of each area.
The coast and valleys tend to have hotter summers than the hills or mountains. April and May as well as October and November are good months to visit Tuscany - they have sunny days but the chances of rain are higher. Winter offers many sunny, mild days but nights are cold, particularly in hill areas.
The warmest months are generally July and August, while June and September offer both nice warm weather in general without it being too hot. Of course, there are always exceptions or dry spells that cause a few days to get really warm.
The coolest months are December and January, with January being a bit cooler. Temperatures tend to be about 45 °F (7 °C) along the coast and from 38 to 42 °F (3.5 °C to 5.5 °C) inland. Temperatures in the mountains are below freezing, where snowfall attracts skiiers.
November is the month with the most precipitation on average but October, December, March and April also generally get a good amount of rain.
According to the Köppen climate classification, Venice has a Humid subtropical climate(Cfa), with cool winters and very warm summers. The 24-hour average in January is 2.5 °C(36.5°F), and for July this figure is 22.7 °C(72.9 °F). Precipitation is spread relatively evenly throughout the year, and averages 801 millimetres (31.5in).